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Dmitri Shostakovich composed his Symphony No. 12 in D minor, Op. 112, subtitled ''The Year of 1917'', in 1961, dedicating it to the memory of Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution, as he did for his Symphony No. 2. The symphony was premiered that October by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra under conductor Yevgeny Mravinsky. This was also the last Shostakovich symphony which Mravinsky premiered; his refusal to give the first performance of the Thirteenth Symphony, ''Babi Yar'', caused a permanent strain in their working relationship.〔Wilson, 406, 416-17.〕 == Form == The symphony, scored for a medium-sized orchestra, is approximately 40 minutes long and divided into four movements: # Revolutionary Petrograd (about 14 minutes): Moderato — Allegro — Più mosso — Allegro — #: The first movement uses quotations from a revolutionary song with the words 'shame on you tyrants' and the Polish song ''The Warsaw March'', both of which appear in the finale of ''Symphony No. 11''. Additionally, one can hear motifs from Handel's Hallelujah Chorus from the ''Messiah''. # Razliv (about 10 minutes): Allegro (L'istesso tempo) — Adagio — #: The expressive second movement further quotes ''Symphony No. 11'' and the composer's early ''Funeral March for the Victims of the Revolution''. It depicts Lenin's countryside headquarters at Razliv, outside Petrograd. # Aurora (about 4 minutes): Adagio (L'istesso tempo) — Allegro — #: The third movement is in ''scherzo'' form. Aurora was the cruiser that fired at the Winter Palace and began the Russian Revolution. # The Dawn of Humanity (about 10 minutes): Allegro (L'istesso tempo) — Allegretto — Moderato #: The fourth movement represents Soviet life after the guidance of Lenin. The funeral march quotation is transformed into a jubilant theme in the finale, before a celebratory conclusion. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Symphony No. 12 (Shostakovich)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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